What Were the Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes

Every spring in the months from April through June, the Midwestern portion of the United States is hit by tornadoes. These storms occur in all of the 50 states but they are most common in the aforementioned Midwest and the states of Texas and Oklahoma in particular. The entire region where tornadoes are common is known as Tornado Alley and it stretches from northwest Texas through Oklahoma and Kansas. Hundreds or sometimes thousands of tornadoes hit Tornado Alley and other parts of the U.S. each year. Most are weak on the Fujita Scale, occur in undeveloped areas and cause little damage. From April through late May 2011, for example, there were about 1,364 tornadoes in the U.S., most of which did not cause damage. However, some are very strong and are capable of killing hundreds and damaging entire towns. On May 22, 2011, for instance, an EF5 tornado destroyed the town of Joplin, Missouri and killed over 100 people, making it the deadliest tornado to hit the U.S. since 1950. The Deadliest Tornadoes Since the 1800s The following is a list of the ten deadliest tornadoes since the 1800s:1) Tri-State Tornado (Missouri, Illinois, Indiana)†¢ Death Toll: 695†¢ Date: March 18, 19252) Natchez, Mississippi†¢ Death Toll: 317†¢ Date: May 6, 18403) St. Louis, Missouri†¢ Death Toll: 255†¢ Date: May 27, 18964) Tupelo, Mississippi†¢ Death Toll: 216†¢ Date: April 5, 19365) Gainesville, Georgia†¢ Death Toll: 203†¢ Date: April 6, 19366) Woodward, Oklahoma†¢ Death Toll: 181†¢ Date: April 9, 19477) Joplin, Missouri†¢ Estimated Death Toll as of June 9, 2011: 151†¢ Date: May 22, 20118) Amite, Louisiana and Purvis, Mississippi†¢ Death Toll: 143†¢ Date: April 24, 19089) New Richmond, Wisconsin†¢ Death Toll: 117†¢ Date: June 12, 189910) Flint, Michigan†¢ Death Toll: 115†¢ Date: June 8, 1953To learn more about tornadoes, visit the National Severe Storms Laboratory website on tornadoes.Sources:Erdman, Jonathan. Perspective : Deadliest Tornado Year Since 1953. The Weather Channel. Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20110527001004/http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/deadly-year-tornadoes-perspective_2011-05-23Storm Prediction Center. (n.d.). The 25 Deadliest U.S. Tornadoes. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved from: https://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/killers.htmlWeather.com and Associated Press.  2011s Tornadoes by the Numbers. https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/

Vygotsky´s Social Constructionism Essay - 898 Words

Social constructivism was developed by Vygotsky. His theory of learning highlights the role which social and cultural interactions play in the learning process. Vygotsky states that learning is co-constructed and that individuals learn from each other. He rejected the assumption made by Piaget that it was possible to separate learning from its social context. He believed that constructivists such as Piaget had overlooked the essentially social nature of language and consequently failed to understand that learning is a collaborative process. Piaget’s theory specifies that development precedes learning, whilst Vygotsky felt social learning precedes development, stating â€Å"Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first,†¦show more content†¦The more knowledgeable peer might use different language then I did as a teacher. The students phrasing might make more sense to the other student. The more knowledgeable student also learnt somethi ng, a deeper understanding of the concept, a new way to explain the concept which they had not previously considered and also possible extensions to the concept, for example, some of these more knowledgeable students did not only test the impact of hand size on number of cubes they could grab but also how the range of techniques used impacted the number of blocks grabbed, essentially using social constructivism to extend and challenge their own learning. Vygotsky has also developed the theory behind the role of the teacher in the learning environment, unlike in behaviourism, where a teacher was the only knowledgeable source of information, Vygotsky talks about the more knowledgeable other (MKO), who according to the Social Constructivist theory, may not be the teacher or older adult but may also be peers, a younger person or even computers. Also Vygotsky and some educators believe a teacher’s role is to give children experiences that were within their zones of proximal development, thereby encouraging and advancing their individual learning. This is similar to that of a constructivist belief, where the teacher is a facilitator of learning by providing experiences. Another part ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Construction of Childhood Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Social constructionism gives meaning to phenomenon in social context and connections between culture and society build up realities in their circumstances. The studies of this idea have been conducted more than thirty years by a number of North American, British and continental writers (Burr, 1995). However, in childhood studies this notion appears later on. It is mostly held universally, childhood is a stage that biologically existing in human life in early years. It should be consideredRead MoreSociocultural Theory And The Cultural Construction1486 Words   |  6 PagesSociocultural theory, education is a process of social integration of the individual, which it means that during this process the individuals receiving and accepting the norm of society which is part of the cultural construction, according to Lev Vygotsky. As sociocultural theory is a theory that human learning and cognitive development is a social process possibly by social interaction with culture and society. It has been highlighted in the news article â€Å"China’s WW2 Remembrance: ‘Patriotic Education’Read MoreEssay on Jean Piaget vs. Levy Vygotsky586 Words   |  3 PagesPiaget and Lev Vygotsky both have very different yet similar views about the child and tenets within their theoretical perspectives. While Piaget sees children as ‘little scientists’, curious little discoverers who learn through the development attained at each of his four stages, Vygotsky views the child as competent and capable and that the child’s development is lead by their learning. Though Vygotsky puts greater emphasis on the sociocultural aspects of learning, both Piaget and Vygotsky consider socioculturalRead MoreEssay on The Value of Play1370 Words   |  6 PagesThere are numerous theories of play and countless theorists, from Freud and Spencer to Piaget and Vygotsky, who have studied play in relation to what it is and what it does for the child. This essay will outli ne the definition and value of play and the importance of how it can foster the child’s learning in regards to these theorists who studied the effects in great detail. It will discuss the how the environments constructed by educators can impact play and the theories of learning relating to theRead MoreConstructivist Theory8093 Words   |  33 Pagesand theories of the world around them. Constructionism holds that learning can happen most effectively when people are actively making things in the real world. Constructionism is connected with experiential learning and builds on some of the ideas of Jean Piaget. Seymour Papert defined constructionism in a proposal to the National Science Foundation entitled Constructionism: A New Opportunity for Elementary Science Education as follows: The word constructionism is a mnemonic for two aspects of theRead MoreDo Toys Help Shape Us Into How We Function As Adults?2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthrough play – and what else is a toy for but to play? When children play with toys, they learn and develop various skills that will support them to succeed in school and in life† (Baillet, 2012). Such play allows expansion of physical, emotional, social and cognitive skills that lead to progression in other essential life skills, like critical thinking, logical thinking, collaboration and communication. When thinking back to a toy that I have fond memories of as a child, LEGO’s are definitely atRead MoreProfessional Learning Communities Of Educators4217 Words   |  17 Pagesshow promise in this respect: social learning theory and technology-supported communities of practice. Social learning theory arose principally from the work of Bandura (1963) who argued that learning arises in a social context rather than in isolation. At the same time, the work of Kelly (1963) and Piaget (1972) highlighted that individuals construct their own reality. From the meld of the two ideas – social learning and constructivism – came the theory of social constructivism, which suggestsRead MoreLearning Theories Essay6222 Words   |  25 Pages- one based on discovery and participation. (Tapscott, 1998, p.127) Tapscotts thesis that the technological revolution is permeating every aspect of our lives forces us to examine the use of computer technology as learning devices. Such rapid social, economic and general lifestyle change, due in essence to the technological revolution, begs the question - based on learning theory, why does the use of computers as a learning tool make sense? This chapter will answer this question by profilingRead MoreReflection Paper On Reflections Of Teaching3285 Words   |  14 Pagesto boredom and frustrations. The later part of the term saw these students starting to prepare revision materials for an up and coming exam after the Christmas holidays. This came after a fortunately timed assembly on revision aimed at the year 11’s but given to all years. Remind students of the various techniques available to them and then ensure the equipment is available to them to complete their own tools. While revision is seen by many students as a boring act the class teacher and I worked

Criminals are made or born free essay sample

An understanding of criminal behaviour has been attempted by psychologists through many different theories. The three theories I will discuss are: the biological theory, the psychological theory and the social theory of crime. Each theory provides a thorough explanation of why people carry out criminal behaviour, however, which theory offers the better explanation? Are criminals born or made? The biological theory of crime suggests that it is very likely that biological factors play a significant role in criminality due to the fact that criminal behaviour tends to run in families. Adoption studies provide psychologists with the information required in order for them to discover whether criminal behaviour patterns are the result of the child’s genes or their surrounding environment. For example, if a child’s behaviour resembles that of their adoptive parents then this could suggest that criminality is a product of the environment. Mednick et al. (1987) studied the criminal convictions of over 14,000 people who had been adopted and found greater evidence to suggest that biology had more influence over their behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminals are made or born or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To further support this theory, Bohman (1996) replicated Mednick at al’s study by comparing the percentages of sons with a biological parent with a criminal record to boys with an adoptive parent with a criminal record. Bohman also found that genetic factors were more significant compared to environmental influences. The psychological theory of crime suggests that negative expectations cause certain individuals to behave towards others in a criminal way because their stereotypes alter their social interactions (self-fulfilling prophecy). This theory was supported by Jahoda’s (1954) study of names. Jahoda studied Ashanti people who give boys ‘soul names’ when they are born which supposedly alters their characters. For example, boys born on a Wednesday are called ‘Kwaku’ and are expected to behave in an aggressive, violent way. Jahoda discovered that 13. 5% of boys referred to court had ‘Wednesday’ names, yet they were responsible for 22% of violent crime. This implies that expectations of the boy’s behaviours due to stereotypes caused differential  treatment and therefore they fulfilled the expectations caused by their names. The social theory of crime suggests that learning occurs when an individual (the learner) observes and copies another person (the model). Motivation to reproduce what the learner has observed from the model must be internal or external. Internal motivation may come from identification with the model, or external motivation can be obtained fro m direct or vicarious reinforcement. Children with criminal parents or who have other surrounding role models are very likely to be internally or externally motivated to copy behaviour, i. e. carry out criminal acts. Evidence to support this theory can be found using correlational data about exposure to media models and criminal acts. Eron et al. (1972) discovered a positive correlation between the violence level in television programmes watched by 7-8 years olds and their level of aggression. This violence was shown to progress (especially within males) as they became older. In my opinion, all three theories provide a valid approach and each are supported through evidence. I do not believe that one theory provides a significantly better argument than others, therefore, a combination (if possible) of each of the three theories would perhaps provide a more thorough answer to why people participate in criminal behaviour.

Poverty in the Philippines Essay Sample free essay sample

Poverty and inequality have been perennial challenges in the Philippines and hold once more come to the bow in the aftermath of the current planetary ?nancial crisis and lifting nutrient. fuel. and trade good monetary values experienced in 2008. he proportion of families populating below the o?cial poorness line has declined really easy and unevenly in the past four decennaries. and poverty decrease has been much slower than in neighbouring states such as the People’s Republic of China ( PRC ) . Indonesia. hailand. and Viet Nam. he growing of the economic system has been characterized by roar and flop rhythms and current episodes of moderate economic enlargement have had limited impact on poorness decrease. Other grounds for the comparatively moderate poorness diminution include the high rate of inequality across income brackets. parts. and sectors ; and unmanaged population growing. his survey aims to supply a comprehensive analysis of the causes of poorness in the Philippines and give recommendations for speed uping poorness decrease through sustained and more inclusive growing. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in the Philippines Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page he analyze will supply an overview of the current position of authorities responses. schemes. and accomplishments and will place and prioritise future demands and intercessions. Millennium Development Goal ( MDG ) accomplishments to day of the month will besides be assessed. It will analyze deductions of the current ?nancial crisis on poorness and urge ways to travel frontward. he study is based on analytical work utilizing current literature and the latest available informations. including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey ( FIES ) . Current Profile of Poverty in the StatePoverty incidence among families increased from 24. 4 % in 2003 to 26. 9 % in 2006 and the figure of hapless households increased from 4. 0 million in 2003 to 4. 7 million in 2006. he headcount index increased from 30. 0 % in 2003 to 32. 9 % in 2006 and the figure of hapless people increased from 23. 8 million in 2003 to 27. 6 million in 2006. It should besides be noted that poorness incidence and magnitude do non needfully co-occur. Harmonizing to the 2006 poorness informations. Mindanao has the highest poorness incidence at 38. 8 % but Luzon has the highest figure of hapless households. with about 2 million households ( 42. 4 % of the sum ) . Self-rated poverty1 has ranged from 50 % to 52 % for most of 2008. top outing at 59 % ( an estimated 10. 6 million people ) in the 2nd one-fourth. Inequality has besides been relentless over the old ages. Although the Gini coe?cient2 improved to 0. 4580 in 2006 from 0. 4605 in 2003 and 0. 4872 in 2000. the degree of inequality remains high compared with other states in Asia and has barely changed for more than 20 old ages. High inequality has limited the impact of economic growing on poorness decrease. he Philippines’ midterm progress study on the MDGs shows that the undermentioned additions have been made: ( I ) lessening in the proportion of people populating in utmost poorness ; ( two ) seeable betterments in family and population poorness indexs ; ( three ) maintained net registration rates by sex at both simple and primary instruction degrees ; ( four ) decrease in infant deceases per 1. 000 unrecorded births ; ( V ) prevalence of HIV/AIDS below the national mark of 1 % of the population ; ( six ) betterments in environmental protection ; and ( seven ) active engagement in the World Trade Organization. However. the Philippines is still dawdling behind in run intoing the marks on entree to primary instruction. maternal mortality rates. and entree to reproductive wellness attention. Because of the current planetary economic crisis and recent additions in poorness incidence. the end of cut downing the proportion of people populating in utmost poorness may non be achieved. In all ends and marks. bing indexs exhibit signi?cant disparity by part. In footings of gender. the Philippines has made significant advancement in heightening the chances and public assistance of its adult females and work forces ( ADB et al. 2008 ) ; nevertheless. challenges remain in implementing cardinal policies and bettering maternal wellness and generative wellness attention. he chief features of the hapless include the followers: the bulk live in rural countries and work in the agribusiness sector. largely as husbandmans and ?shers. In the urban countries. such as Metro Manila. they are found in slums and the informal sector. They have big households ( six members or more ) . In two-thirds of hapless households. the caput of family has merely an simple instruction or below. They have no or few assets and minimum entree to recognition. A major income beginning of the hapless is from enterprise income ( informal sector activities ) . A signi?cant section of the hapless families are â€Å"chronically hapless. † Causes of PovertyThe chief causes of poorness in the state arelow to chair economic growing for the past 40 old ages ;low growing snap of poorness decrease ; failing in employment coevals and the quality of occupations generated ; failure to to the full develop the agribusiness sector ;high in?ation during crisis periods ;high degrees of population growing ;high and relentless degrees of inequality ( incomes and assets ) . which dampen the positive impacts of economic enlargement ; recurrent dazes and exposure to put on the line such as economic crisis. con?icts. natural catastrophes. and â€Å"environmental poorness. † Background of the StudyPoverty and inequality have been perennial challenges in the Philippines and hold once more come to the bow in the aftermath of the current planetary ?nancial crisis and lifting nutrient. fuel. and trade good monetary values experienced in 2008. he proportion of families populating below the o?cial poorness line has declined really easy and unevenly in the past four decennaries. and poverty decrease has been much slower than in neighbouring states such as the People’s Republic of China ( PRC ) . Indonesia. hailand. and Viet Nam. he growing of the economic system has been characterized by roar and flop rhythms. and current episodes of moderate economic enlargement have had limited impact on poorness decrease. Other grounds for the comparatively moderate poorness diminution include the high rate of inequality across income brackets. parts. and sectors ; high population growing rates ; and perennial happenings of catastrophes and longstanding con?icts in as sorted parts. particularly in Mindanao. After old ages of acknowledging poorness as a key development job and inventing assorted schemes and plans for its decrease. the authorities is still facing high degrees of poorness and hungriness among its citizens. Long and relentless periods of high poorness may harm a country’s development way as poorness itself becomes a retarding force to economic growing. In add-on to the slow lessening in poorness incidence. there has been assorted advancement in turn toing human development concerns. peculiarly outcomes in instruction and wellness. The authorities has committed to accomplishing theMillennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) through pro-poor sustained economic growing as re?ected in the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan ( MTPDP ) 2004–2010. However. e?orts to run into the MDGs and cut down poorness and inequality are constrained by weak execution of reforms. ?nancing spreads and escapes. coordination failure. and administration concerns. The current planetary ?nancial crisis has started to a?ect the domestic economic system as growing slowed to 4. 6 % in 2008 from a high of 7. 2 % in 2007. Exports have continued to worsen while the growing rate of remittals. the economy’s line of life. will probably decelerate down in 2009. E?orts to protect the hapless from the crisis and farther cut down poorness must stay an of import precedence. as the figure of vulnerable sectors of the economic system will increase if the crisis deepens. he authorities has laid out the Filipino Economy Resiliency Plan. a P330 billion stimulus bundle dwelling of increased allotments for national bureaus and authorities. corporate. and ?nancial establishments for substructure disbursement. corporate and single revenue enhancement interruptions. and societal protection and safety cyberspaces intended to protect the hapless from the impact of the crisis.